Long-Term Human Health Effects of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site Activity 2001—2010 Project goal: search for hypothetical radiation health effects in residents of the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site vicinity. It was a retrospective cohort study of long-term radiation health effects in the people resided in villages near the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Tests Site in Cold War period of open nuclear tests in 1949—1965. Residence history was reconstructed based on annual tax record documents stored at local archives. Health impact was assessed based on death records in archives of civil registry offices. Twenty thousand residents of vicinity of test site were randomly sampled as a study group and for comparison another twenty thousand cohort was randomly sampled of the people who resided in the north of Pavlodar Region in the same time and had no chance for irradiation from explosions.  This large-scale project financed by the Japanese Government was executed by the Radiation Effects Association (Japan) and the Center for Study and Protection from Radiation Effects (Kazakhstan). I  participated as a Vice-President of the Center and an expert responsible for development of data base software and data input. Before this project started, I took special training in radiation epidemiology at the Institute for Radiation Medicine and Biology at the Hiroshima University, Japan. As a result, there was found no difference in the age and causes of deaths in these big cohorts.  Search keywords Semipalatinsk Nuclear Tests Site in Kazakhstan. Medical statistics. Long-term research.